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Getting Started

An Introduction: Living Laboratory - About the Model

The Living Laboratory Info Sheet highlights impacts of the Living Lab model of collaboration on three audiences: museum educators, collaborating researchers and the public.

What is Living Laboratory? is a graphic representation of the Living Laboratory model.

Essential Elements - the Living Laboratory Model outlines the key features of the model.
Please note that the elements were revised in May 2017.

Living Laboratory®: A Mutual Professional Development Model for Museum-based Research Partnerships - an invited chapter in the book Cognitive Development in Museum Settings: Relating Research and Practice (edited by J. Jipson and D. Sobel; published by Psychology Press) - provides an overview of the benefits of the Living Laboratory model for researchers, museum professionals and public audiences.

Living Laboratory Introductory Presentation - slide deck delivered by PI Becki Kipling at the "Living Lab New & Potential Adopters Meeting" (Baltimore, MD; December 8, 2016).

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Getting Started

An Introduction: Living Laboratory Branding

Active Living Laboratory sites can download Logo Files and Branding Guidelines from this section.

To download a file, right click and select "save link as". Please email livinglab@mos.org if you are looking for the logo in a different file format.

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Getting Started

Initiating A Collaboration

There are two versions of "Tips for Initiating Collaboration" - one with tips for museum professionals and the other with tips for academic professionals.

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Getting Started

Introducing Studies to a Museum Environment

Conducting Research in the Museum Environment - Advantages and Challenges discusses advantages and challenges associated with running studies in a museum-based Living Laboratory program.

Creating a Space for On-site Research: this document, and a companion video, consider the logistical, staff and other resources needed to conduct research in a museum environment.

There are two versions of the Study Approval Guide - one focuses on considerations for museums, and the other is focused on considerations for researchers.

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Hands-On Activities

"Blickets" - Object Names and Classification [Research Toy]

This activity explores whether children are sensitive to the relationship between the name of an object and it’s properties.

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Hands-On Activities

"Body Self Awareness" - Children's Understanding of Body Topography [Research Toy]

This activity explores at what age children develop an awareness of their body, both in terms of its size and the location of its parts.

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Hands-On Activities

"Cardinal Number" - Children's Understanding of Numerosity [Research Toy]

This activity explores when children come to understand that the amount of things represented in a set are associated with a particular number word - a concept known as the "cardinal number principle".

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Hands-On Activities

"Categories" - Development of Conceptual Reasoning [Research Toy]

This activity explores the development of conceptual reasoning in early childhood (children ages 3-7).

For a copy of the original paper The Object Classification Task (OTC): A Measure of Concept Generation and Mental Flexibility in Early Childhood please contact Dr. Diana P. Smidts, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, UV University, Amsterdam (dp.smidts@psy.vu.nl).

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Hands-On Activities

"Creative Ownership" - how children value 'ideas' and 'labor' [Research Toy]

This activity is based on an experiment that explored children’s conceptions of ownership in relation to the value children place on own their ideas or their own labor.

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Hands-On Activities

"Emotion Dolls" - Children's Emerging Understanding of Emotion [Research Toy]

This activity explores the role of stories and facial expressions in the development of children's understanding of different emotions.

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Hands-On Activities

"Greedy Monkey" - Executive Function and Impulse Control [Research Toy]

This activity explores the development of executive function and impulse control in toddlers and preschoolers.

For a copy of the original paper Less is More: Executive Function and Symbolic Representation in Preschool Children please contact Dr. Stephanie M. Carlson, Department of Psychology, University of Washington (carlsons@u.washington.edu).

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Hands-On Activities

"Infant Pillows" - Vision Development [Research Toy]

This activity explores how scientists learn what babies are thinking, even before they can talk.

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Hands-On Activities

"Inhibition" - Theory of Mind & Executive Function in Toddlers [Research Toy]

The research toys in this activity are based on a series of tasks done by researchers at the University of Washington to assess the presence of self-control and the ability to view different perspectives, and the link between these skills, in children that are two and three years of age.

For a copy of the original paper Executive Function and Theory of Mind: Stability and Prediction From Ages 2 to 3 please contact Dr. Stephanie M. Carlson, Department of Psychology, University of Washington (carlsons@u.washington.edu).

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Hands-On Activities

"Intuitive Algebra" - Children's Understanding of 'Part' and 'Whole' [Research Toy]

This activity explores children's early understanding of algebra, with a focus on how understanding "part" and "whole" in mathmatical relationships.

For a copy of the original paper Part-Whole Knowledge and Early Arithmetic Problem Solving please contact Dr. Catherine Sophian, Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa (csophian@hawaii.edu).

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Hands-On Activities

"Novel Toy" - Impacts of Direct Instruction vs. Exploratory Play [Research Toy]

This activity explores the impact of a teacher's instruction on children's play behaviors.
The Novel Toy is used as an introduction to research activities for informal educators at many Living Laboratory sites.

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Hands-On Activities

"Owner Dolls" - Children's Understanding of Ownership Transfer [Research Toy]

This activity explores how children develop a mature understanding of who owns what.

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Hands-On Activities

"Praise" - Exploring the Effect of 'Intelligence Praise' and 'Effort Praise' [Research Toy]

This activity explores differences in children's effort when praised for "hard work" or "being smart".

For a copy of the original paper Praise for Intelligence can Undermine Children’s Motivation and Performance please contact Dr. Carol Dweck, Department of Psychology, Stanford University (dweck@stanford.edu).

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Hands-On Activities

"Stickers" - Children's Decisions about Resource Allocation [Research Toy]

This activity explores children's willingness to share with a child they have never met, and what factors influence children's decision to share with others.

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Evaluation Tools

Development of Science Communication Skills in Living Laboratory

These resources serve as a starting point for evaluators and others interested in conducting formal studies on the impacts of Living Laboratory on professional audiences.

Resources for Communicating Science: Professional Development, Research and Evaluation is a research-based tool for practitioners to reflect on the development researchers' and educators’ science communication skills through their experiences with Living Laboratory.

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Evaluation Tools

Formative Evaluation: Researcher-Caregiver Conversations & Research Toy Interactions

This section contains resources related to site-specific formative evaluation of Living Laboratory.

These tools are intended to help community members identify opportunities to improve training for educators and researchers in order to maximize positive impacts for participants and other visitors.

The Data Collection Guidelines provide general instructions and tips for conducting evaluation through observations of (and/or interviews with) visitors.

Two versions of each instrument (Researcher-Caregiver Conversations Instrument and Research Toy Interactions Instrument) are included: one can be modified and printed for data collection; the second is an annotated version, which includes more detailed instructions for each item in the instrument.

The Debrief and Reflection Form includes questions for data collectors to consider after each evaluation session.

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Evaluation Tools

Public Interactions with Living Laboratory

Tracking Your Impact: Participants & Educational Opportunities defines how to track different kinds of visitors who experience Living Lab.

The Impact Form is for researchers to record their interactions (with visitors and staff) while at the museum. It can be complete during the shift (e.g. using tally marks to note each interaction), or at the end of the shift (e.g. noting the total number of interactions in each category). Print out a copy of the form, and have it on hand for researchers in the area where Living Lab takes place.

The Log Template provides a convenient way to compile weekly or bi-weekly updates about the Living Lab program at your site. Museum staff at Hub sites share such reports via email, with all staff involved in the Living Lab program at their site.

Many sites use Participant Stickers to help keep track of visitors who have contributed data to studies during their visit to the museum - we provide a template for printing such stickers (designed for an Avery style 5294 template).

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Mutual Professional Development

Greeting Resources

Daily conversations between professionals are an integral part of the Living Lab model. At the beginning of each shift, a museum educator sits down with collaborating researchers to talk about updates to studies, recruitment strategies, interpretation techniques and program logistics. The topics covered during this "greeting" change periodically throughout a semester.

Greeting Forms (1-4) provide examples of how the topics discussed during greetings might change throughout a semester. These forms are provided as word documents, which can be customized for a specific site by changing out discussion questions and/or logistical questions.

Example Greeting Questions outlines additional questions that might be covered (variety in these questions ensures these warm-up conversations stay "fresh" for researchers and educators).

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Mutual Professional Development

Professional Development & Training - Research Assistants

This section includes training outlines, tips for recruiting participants in a museum environment, and other resources related to professional development for research assistants.

The Researcher Orientation Guide highlights the goals of a researcher orientation and outlines a typical orientation schedule. The document includes an orientation planning checklist, and a research contact information form.

Participant Recruitment in the Museum – Tips for Research Assistants suggests several successful strategies and methods researchers may use to recruit participants in a museum setting.

Caregiver Education - Tips for Communicating with Visitors suggests strategies for educating visitor groups of various types (e.g. school groups, extended families, children visiting with an adult other than their parent/legal guardian, etc.).

Recruiting and Training Research Assistants for the Museum Environment outlines effective strategies for finding and introducing new researchers to the Living Lab program and describes how to “ease researchers in” to their role in the Living Lab.

Researcher Orientation – Reflection Form is used to record researcher questions that arise during orientations. Researcher questions can be used to help streamline future trainings.

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Reporting

Living Laboratory - National Science Foundation Considerations

A Living Laboratory Academic Cohort meeting was held on Wednesday, March 18, 2015 in conjunction with the Society for Research in Child Development conference in Philadelphia, PA. The project team thanks the scientists and NSF staff who contributed their time and energy. Resources related to the meeting are available via the links below.

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Reporting

Living Laboratory Community Updates

This section contains brief reports from Living Laboratory sites around the country. New reports will be added as they are featured in Living Laboratory e-news.

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Caregiver Education

A "Research Toys" Primer - Activity Development & Training

This section provides resources and suggestions for translating research articles (or literature reviews) into hands-on child development activities for use in informal education environments.

Developing Research Toy Activities provides an overview of the development process, based on experiences at the Hub Sites.

Reading Research Papers - a Guide for Educators is a tool for familiarizing non-researchers with various elements of technical papers.

Research Toy Training Tips provides suggestions for training informal educators to interpret this type of activity in the museum environment.

Check out Educator Guides for details about hands-on, open-source activities developed by Living Laboratory community members.

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Caregiver Education

Handouts for Caregivers

A selection of caregiver handouts that could be displayed/distributed in children's exhibitions.

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Caregiver Education

Study Inserts: Development Guidelines, Templates & Samples

This section contains resources to help Living Laboratory sites develop "study inserts" (handouts for caregivers that describe the question, methods, and hypothesis of a study in lay language). Inserts include suggestions for activities related to the study topic that caregivers can try with their children. Museum and academic collaborators work together to develop these educational materials for each research study hosted in a Living Lab program.

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Stakeholders

Youth Development through Living Laboratory

The resources in this section were created through a workshop (held at the Museum of Science, Boston in Fall 2016) to consider ways to foster the STEM workforce via both science research and science communications experiences for high school students through Living Laboratory. Living Laboratory community members shared their current efforts and past successes, and brainstormed possible models for integrating high school students to the model.

A White Paper summarizes results of a community wide survey that helped shape the meeting agenda, as well as proceedings from the workshop itself.

This work described in this section was funded by the National Science Foundation under project #1640726.

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Evaluation Reports

National Living Laboratory - Summative Evaluation

Abstract: This report details Broad Implementation of the Living Laboratory model - an initiative to promote partnership between museums and cognitive science researchers in order to promote professional learning and involve the public in scientific research. The evaluation investigated the extent of the dissemination effort’s depth, spread, sustainability, and shift in ownership, based on Coburn’s criteria for scale-up (2003). Evaluators collected data from surveys, interviews, focus groups, document review, and observations. Findings about depth suggest that adopters fully implement or modify all model elements, and that project leadership continuously adapted to community needs and promoted local ownership. Professional interactions and online resources have facilitated the model’s robust spread. Diversified funding structures and adaptations to the model are important for sites to develop sustainable partnerships; in contrast, financial need and staff turnover can challenge sustainability at the local level. In general, sites negotiate ownership by balancing responsibilities evenly between researchers and museum partners. Recommendations for future project work include continued promotion of networking, collaboration, diverse funding, clear branding, multi-person staffing structures, and new applications of the model. Future studies could investigate longitudinal impacts, researcher communication skills, and connections to other informal science education networks.

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The National Living Lab Initiative is supported by a grant to the Museum of Science, Boston from the National Science Foundation under Award Number 1113648.

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